Where carbon steel ties and anchors are specified, corrosion protection must be provided by either galvanizing or epoxy coating in conformance with the following (ref.

Provide adequate corrosion protection.

6), and adjustable wire ties must also meet the requirements illustrated in Figure 1

sheet-metal anchors and ties-ASTM A1008 (ref.

plate and bent-bar anchors-ASTM A36 (ref.

With an engineered analysis of the wall ties, cavity widths may be significantly increased to accommodate thicker insulation. (114 mm) without performing wall tie analysis. 2, 3) allow cavity widths up to 4 1/2 in.

In order to preserve the in-plane and out- of-plane wall tie stiffness, current codes (refs.

27 for a discussion of potential masonry wall movements). Note that some connectors allow much more movement than unreinforced masonry can tolerate (see ref. On the surface, it may appear that this criterion is in conflict with Item 1, but it simply means that connectors must be stiff in one direction (out-of-plane) and flexible in the other (in-plane). This is especially significant as more insulation is used between the outer and inner wythes of cavity walls and where wythes of dissimilar materials are anchored together.

Allow differential in-plane movement between two masonry wythes connected with ties.

There is no specific criteria on connector stiffness, but some authorities suggest that a stiffness of 2,000 lb/in. It is important to reduce the potential for cracking in masonry due to deflection.

Transmit out-of-plane loads from one wythe of masonry to another or from masonry to its lateral support with a minimum amount of deformation.

As a result, when selecting connectors for a project, designers should consider a number of design criteria.

Connectors play a very important role in providing structural integrity and good serviceability.

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